Role of Women in Rural Entrepreneurship Development A-Study in India and Afghanistan

 

Mohammad Kazim Karimi

Research Scholar, Dept. of Studies in Commerce Mangalore University, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Karnataka.

 

ABSTRACT:

Women empowerment is empowering the women to take their own decisions for their personal dependent. Economically empowering women is to make them independent in all aspects from mind, thought, rights, decisions, etc. by leaving all the social and family limitations. It is to bring equality in the society for both male and female in all areas. Women empowerment in rural areas is very necessary to make the bright future of the family, society and country. The focus should not be merely on political empowerment only in urban areas. Now, the focus should be on how to empower rural women in order to build a connection between them and women in urban areas. Women are not helpless in face of existing challenges. Around the world they are decision-makers for themselves, their families, villages, businesses, and governments. Women’s economic empowerment means that women have the authority to make their own decisions regarding use of their resources, leads to prosperity for families and communities. In addition, economic empowerment can pave the way for women to be empowered politically. Political empowerment allows women to take control of the policies that will benefit their economic standing. India has stressed that gender equality and women empo werments are essential factors for the success of the peace process in rural areas particularly in Afghanistan. In this study the focus is how to empower UN/or educated rural women in Afghanistan using model taken from India rural development system.

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Entrepreneurship fuels economic growth, with new and young businesses accounting for new job creation. Increasing the number of entrepreneurs, and creating conditions for them to succeed, has the potential to improve economic opportunities for all entrepreneurs around the world and most of the research studies carried out in Afghanistan and abroad on women entrepreneurships at micro-level based on narrow number of samples. These studies have been carried out at different arguments of time during the last five decades and deal with diverse situations.

 

There is substantial literature on women’s studies in the developed countries carried out by many researchers.

 

The capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks are required to make it effective and a profitable for the country’s economy. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship development is the starting of new businesses. In economics entrepreneurship is combined with land, labor, natural resources and capital which enlarge profit. Entrepreneurial spirit is characterized by innovation and risk-taking, and is an essential part of a nation's ability to succeed in an ever changing and increasingly competitive global marketplace. Rural Women’s Entrepreneurship development is the best example one has to consider for the economic growth in Afghanistan especially in the remote areas for gender equality and fair social economic development.

 

The foremost topic will show how a person can be a good Entrepreneur which can influence others to inspire the others confidence and should have the talent to motivate them to work. Also would focus on which part or sections, geographical locations should be targeted for the future where business is required, currently the business in Afghanistan is centralized and how it can be decentralized. So equal opportunities can be created in Afghanistan by involving women entrepreneurs because they are half part of the society by model taken from India. Considering the frequently unstable political system in Afghanistan and deficiency of communication system due to its difficult geographical locations and the country at war, we have to encourage and support women’s development in remote areas where it will help in many ways, financial improvement, infrastructure, job opportunities. Better Education System, good roads and finally better governance and good security in Afghanistan. (There is a saying improvement in a women means improvement in a society).

 

Afghanistan like any other developing nations in the world requires strong SME (Small and Medium Size Enterprises Development Program) SMEDP, which Are important players in nation’s development agenda and will contribute largely for national economy and human development. Unlike Large Conglomerates which suck and accumulate cash in the financial institutions, they enable the cash to be regularly circulated in the market. The entrepreneurs, proprietors and owners will be in constant move expending and spending earnings for both corporate and personal needs, which each time enable new economic activities. Will empower the women entrepreneurial zeal in the country and the social benefits are as strong as middle class, employment and women empowerment are striking contributions for nation’s economic development.

 

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

Afghanistan is severely underdeveloped and poor, conflict has persisted in vast swathe of the country for decades, and evidence suggests that entrepreneurial activity is ubiquitous, although mainly due to survival strategies rather than a spirit of entrepreneurialism. We empirically explore whether conflict affects the likelihood of a household to engage in entrepreneurial activity, lighten by sources of income coming from holding a small business specially women’s. Yet women’s entrepreneurship development program has not been legalized in the Afghanistan government system or laws, only symbolically, considering the situation in Afghanistan and level of education and economic development in rural areas its much needed topic to be studied and on hand as a guiding principle in Afghanistan current Scenario.

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC:

The proposed topic will give a complete understanding of the micro finance economic and its (linkage) effect on rural women enterprises, will high light their status, performance, issues, constraints and possible road map for improvement of women in rural areas, poverty and deprivation increase in gender inequality, which favor a policy for empowerment of women in order to increase their access to micro economic opportunities. However keeping in view the widespread of rural poverty there is a need not only to ameliorate the economic conditions of marginalized and disadvantaged social group but also to transform their social structure. In this context economic condition of poor rural women become more vulnerable due to unequal distribution of resources, the practice which is used in India can be the best model to be used in Afghanistan, empowering the former and population in the remote areas to do business, bearing in mind the 2004 situation in Afghanistan and progress which happens in the country, experience will be learned will help to bring positive changes in the remote societies, decrease the violation against women’s, educate youths and to decentralize the economic.

 

Further this topic will help the researchers to find out what are the opportunities that can be used in their business especially of women empowerment development programs, capturing better market for starting medium and small scale entrepreneurship development, and hopefully it can be used as a guidance for the private and public sector. Afghanistan has a lot of potential market locations which is not known (not open to the business world and similarity) Small Entrepreneurship Development Program will help in bringing better life and to have better economic.

 

CONCLUSION:

The topic will give a complete understanding of the micro finance economic and its (linkage) effect on rural women entrepreneurship development, will high light their status, performance, issues, constraints and possible road map for improvement of women in rural areas, poverty and deprivation increase in gender inequality, which favor a policy for empowerment of women in order to increase their access to micro entrepreneurship opportunities. However keeping in view the widespread of rural poverty there is a need not only to improve the economic conditions of marginalized and disadvantaged social group but also to transform their social structure. In this context economic condition of poor rural women become more vulnerable due to unequal distribution of resources.

 

 

In Afghanistan the systems in place are the National Solidarity Programme (NSP) created by the Government of Afghanistan to develop the ability of Afghan communities to identify, plan, manage and monitor their own development projects and the Citizens Charter is the first ever inter-ministerial, multi-sectorial NPP, where Ministries will collaborate on a single program using a programmatic approach. The key service delivery ministries involved are: MRRD, MoE, MoPH and MAIL. The Citizens’ Charter will go one step further than NSP and bring the CDCs to the forefront of program delivery and all development activities thereafter. The Community Development Councils (CDCs) will be linked to sub-national government to improve communication and coordination from the community to the district, provincial and national levels, which will increase Government visibility and accountability.

 

India is one of the main contributor, donor and partner in Afghanistan’s Development initiative. India with its many civilian initiative programs is contributing for Afghanistan’s prosperity. Many scholarship programs, road development, energy program, and other programs are indication of how India is well intentioned for nation’s progress. India and Afghanistan have same geographical location as well many cultural connections which make it even closer. The India’s SMEDP (small and medium entrepreneurship development programs) focusing on Women Entrepreneurship can contribute and could be an exemplary method and a model for Afghanistan to uphold. For instance how the Self Help Groups, MGNREGA, Panchayathi Raj and RSETI systems function in India can be a model for Afghanistan:

 

REFERENCE:

1         ACCI (2004-15), “Reports on SMEs” Website of www.ACCI.gov.af.org , Afghanistan International Chambers of Commerce/Publications, pages; 137, 228 and 290.

2         http://www.nfhsindia.org/index.shtml (2010-08-10).

3         http://www. http://mrrd.gov.af/fa

4         UN Women (2010-12), “countries on Gender inequality and imbalance of economic growth, www.un.women/afghanistan.org/Asian.

5         http://www.http://moec.gov.af/en/page/economic-analysis-reports/1213

6         https://www.NIRDindcareer.com/telangana/hyderabad/national-institute-rural-development-hyderabad

7         http:/www. http://mail.gov.af.benefito.com/

 

 

Received on 23.03.2018          Modified on 11.04.2018

Accepted on 29.04.2018       ©AandV Publications All right reserved